-ΝHS, (9 NOVEMBER 2017), Signs that labour has begun

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/labour-signs-what-happens/

-NICE, (3 DECEMBER 2014), Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies

https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190/chapter/Recommendations#latent-first-stage-of-labour

-ACOG, (MAY 2011), How to tell when labour begins

https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/labor-delivery-and-postpartum-care/how-to-tell-when-labor-begins

- Nοσηλευτική Mητρότητας, (2010), Lowdermilk Perry Cashion, Αικατερίνη Λυκερίδου, Άννα Δελτσίδου, 8^η έκδοση, Ιατρικές Εκδόσεις Λαγός Δημήτριος

  Chang, C-Y., Gau, M-L., Huang, C-J., Cheng, H-M., κ.ά. (2022). Effects of non-pharmacological coping strategies for reducing labor pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. PMC

  J Clin Nurs. (2021). Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for labour pain management: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. PubMed+1

  Non-pharmacological Pain Management in Labor: A Systematic Review. MDPI, 2023. MDPI

  Non-pharmacological measures for pain relief in childbirth: a systematic review. Rev. Bras. Saúde Materno Infantil, 2023. scielo.br

  Labor Analgesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Non-Pharmacological Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Pain during First Stage of Labor. PubMed

  The Holistic Birth Support randomized trial: The Effect of Holistic Birth Support Strategies on Coping With Labor Pain, Birth Satisfaction, and Fear of Childbirth. PubMed

  Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review. BioMed Central

(Αcupressure points-Σημεία πίεσης παλάμης)

Jabbari, M. et al. (2021). Effect of acupressure at LI-4 (Hegu) point on pain intensity and duration of labor: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 101335. PMID: 34075656

Chang, C-Y. et al. (2023). Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Labor: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(23):7203. MDPI

Smith, C. A. et al. (2020). Acupressure for pain management in labor: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med, 48, 102263.

Lundgren, I., Dahlberg, K. (1998). Women’s experience of pain during childbirth. Midwifery, 14(2), 105-110.

  American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). First and Second Stage Labor Management (clinical practice guideline). acog.org

  StatPearls – “Stages of Labor”, Julia Hutchison, Heba Mahdy, Justin Hutchison. NCBI

  National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) – What are the stages of labor? Nichd

  Allina Health Patient Education – Pregnancy: Stages of Labor allinahealth.org

  OpenStax – Maternal-Newborn Nursing: Process of Labor and Birth (LibreTexts) Medicine LibreTexts

(1^ο σταδιο τοκετου)

  Zhang J et al., Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor (Zhang curve, 2010). PMC

  ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 8 (First and Second Stage Labor Management, 2024). PubMed

  WHO «Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience» (εκτενές κεφάλαιο για διάρκεια & όρια latent/active). NCBI+1

  Merck Manual / άλλες πρακτικές ανασκοπήσεις για cutoffs και ορισμούς protraction/arrest. merckmanuals.com

  ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 8 (2024):

“The first stage of labor is divided into a latent phase (onset of labor until approximately 6 cm of cervical dilation) and an active phase (from approximately 6 cm to complete dilation).”
(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2024)

  WHO (2023), Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience:

“The first stage is divided into the latent phase (0–5 cm) and the active phase (≥5 cm to full dilation). The term ‘transition phase’ is not used as a distinct category.”

  World Health Organization. Evidence and recommendations — Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. NCBI Bookshelf. NCBI

  Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists. Perineal tears: prevention and management (patient information and guidance). rcog.org.uk+1

  Cochrane Review: Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane

  The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Quality Statement – Reducing risk during pregnancy, labour and birth. safetyandquality.gov.au

  Systematic review/meta-analysis: The effectiveness of care bundles for preventing or reducing perineal trauma during childbirth. PubMed

  Systematic review: Episiotomy and prevention of perineal and pelvic floor injuries. PubMed

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) – Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/02/approaches-to-limit-intervention-during-labor-and-birth

UCLA Health – Stages of Labor – When Labor Starts.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/birthplace/planning-your-childs-birth/when-labor-starts

Cleveland Clinic – Stages of Labor: What To Expect During Labor & Delivery.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22640-stages-of-labor

National Institutes of Health (NIH) – Normal Labor: Physiology, Evaluation, and Management.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544290/

  Parents.com – The Ultimate Hospital Packing List for Labor and Delivery.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/giving-birth/preparing-for-labor/the-ultimate-hospital-packing-list

  Kaiser Permanente Healthy Pregnancy – Packing for Hospital: Third Trimester Tips.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/maternity/third-trimester/packing-for-hospital

  Atlantic Health System – Packing for Labor and Delivery: What to Bring to the Hospital. 2024.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://ahs.atlantichealth.org/about-us/stay-connected/news/content-central/2024/packing-for-labor-and-delivery.html

  American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) – Your Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. Παρέχει γενικές συστάσεις για προετοιμασία τοκετού και διαμονή στο νοσοκομείο.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/pregnancy

  World Health Organization (WHO) – Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: 2023 update.
Διαθέσιμο σε: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240045989